Original description:
- Boulenger, George Albert. 1898. "Report on the fishes recently obtained by Mr. J. E. S. Moore in Lake Tanganyika". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 3:494-497 (crc00006)
Type species: Petrochromis polyodon Boulenger, 1898 (monotypy).
Described species included (9):
valid: 8 synonym: 1- Petrochromis polyodon Boulenger, 1898 (valid)
- Petrochromis nyassae Boulenger, 1902 (synonym)
- Petrochromis fasciolatus Boulenger, 1914 (valid)
- Petrochromis trewavasae Poll, 1948 (valid)
- Petrochromis orthognathus Matthes, 1959 (valid)
- Petrochromis famula Matthes & Trewavas, 1960 (valid)
- Petrochromis macrognathus Yamaoka, 1983 (valid)
- Petrochromis trewavasae ephippium Brichard, 1989 (valid)
- Petrochromis horii Takahashi & Koblmüller, 2014 (valid)
Potentially undescribed species (10):
- sp. 'giant' (undescribed)
- sp. 'kasumbe' (undescribed)
- sp. 'texas' (undescribed)
- sp. 'texas kipili' (undescribed)
- sp. 'texas blue' (undescribed)
- sp. 'kipili brown' (undescribed)
- sp. 'red' (undescribed)
- sp. 'macrognathus rainbow' (undescribed)
- sp. 'orthognathus ikola' (undescribed)
- sp. 'longnose red longola' (undescribed)