Crenicichla Heckel, 1840

Original description:

• Heckel, Johann Jakob. 1840. "Johann Natterer's neue Flussfische Brasilien's nach den Beobachtungen und Mittheilungen des Entdeckers beschrieben (Erste Abtheilung, Die Labroiden)". Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte. 325-471 (crc00007)

Type species: Crenicichla macrophthalma Heckel, 1840 (subsequent designation).

Synonyms:

• Batrachops Heckel, 1840. Determiner: Kullander, Sven, 1986
• Boggiania Perugia, 1897. Determiner: Kullander, Sven, 1986

Described species included (132):

• Sparus saxatilis Linnaeus, 1758 (valid)
• Perca brasiliensis Bloch, 1792 (valid)
• Sparus biocellatus Walbaum, 1792 (synonym)
• Scarus rufescens Walbaum, 1792 (synonym)
• Sparus nhoquunda Lacepède, 1802 (synonym)
• Sparus pavo Lacepède , 1802 (synonym)
• Crenicichla lepidota Heckel, 1840 (valid)
• Crenicichla lugubris Heckel, 1840 (valid)
• Batrachops semifasciatus Heckel, 1840 (valid)
• Crenicichla vittata Heckel, 1840 (valid)
• Crenicichla macrophthalma Heckel, 1840 (valid)
• Crenicichla adspersa Heckel, 1840 (valid)
• Crenicichla johanna Heckel, 1840 (valid)
• Crenicichla lenticulata Heckel, 1840 (valid)
• Batrachops reticulatus Heckel, 1840 (valid)
• Crenicichla funebris Heckel, 1840 (synonym)
• Cychla fasciata Jardine, 1843 (synonym)
• Cychla rutilens Jardine, 1843 (synonym)
• Scarus pavoninus Gronow, 1854 (synonym)
• Cycla lacustris Castelnau, 1855 (valid)
• Cycla conibos Castelnau, 1855 (valid)
• Crenicichla frenata Gill, 1858 (valid)
• Crenicichla johanna var. B strigata Günther, 1862 (valid)
• Crenicichla acutirostris Günther, 1862 (valid)
• Crenicichla obtusirostris Günther, 1862 (synonym)
• Crenicichla punctata Hensel, 1870 (valid)
• Crenicichla polysticta Hensel , 1870 (synonym)
• Crenicichla lucius Cope, 1871 (valid)
• Crenicichla proteus Cope, 1871 (valid)
• Crenicichla anthurus Cope, 1871 (valid)
• Crenicichla cyanonotus Cope, 1871 (valid)
• Crenicichla proteus argynnis Cope, 1872 (synonym)
• Crenicichla proteus argynnis Cope, 1872 (synonym)
• Crenicichla elegans Steindachner, 1881 (synonym)
• Acharnes niederleinii Holmberg, 1891 (valid)
• Acharnes chacoensis Holmberg, 1891 (synonym)
• Crenicichla saxatilis var. semicincta Steindachner, 1892 (valid)
• Boggiania ocellata Perugia, 1897 (synonym)
• Crenicichla multispinosa Pellegrin, 1903 (valid)
• Crenicichla geayi Pellegrin, 1903 (valid)
• Crenicichla vaillanti Pellegrin, 1903 (valid)
• Crenicichla brasiliensis marmorata Pellegrin, 1904 (valid)
• Crenicichla saxatilis var. albopunctata Pellegrin, 1904 (valid)
• Crenicichla brasiliensis var. fasciata Pellegrin, 1904 (synonym)
• Crenicichla cincta Regan, 1905 (valid)
• Crenicichla wallacii Regan, 1905 (valid)
• Crenicichla ornata Regan, 1905 (synonym)
• Crenicichla johanna var. carsevennensis Pellegrin, 1905 (synonym)
• Batrachops punctulatus Regan , 1905 (synonym)
• Batrachops scottii Eingenmann, 1907 (valid)
• Crenicichla cametana Steindachner, 1911 (valid)
• Crenicichla dorsocellata Haseman, 1911 (synonym)
• Crenicichla iguassuensis Haseman, 1911 (valid)
• Crenicichla jaguarensis Haseman, 1911 (valid)
• Crenicichla santaremensis Haseman , 1911 (synonym)
• Crenicichla simoni Haseman, 1911 (synonym)
• Crenicichla alta Eigenmann, 1912 (valid)
• Crenicichla notophthalmus Regan, 1913 (valid)
• Crenicichla nanus Regan , 1913 (synonym)
• Crenicichla mucuryna von Ihering, 1914 (valid)
• Crenicichla biocellata von Ihering, 1914 (synonym)
• Crenicichla pterogramma Fowler, 1914 (synonym)
• Crenicichla (Batrachops) multidens Steindachner , 1915 (synonym)
• Labrus amarus Larrañaga, 1923 (synonym)
• Crenicichla ternetzi Norman, 1926 (valid)
• Cychla labrina Spix & Agassiz, 1931 (valid)
• Crenicichla lacustris var. semifasciata Devincenzi, 1939 (synonym)
• Batrachops nemopterus Fowler , 1940 (synonym)
• Crenicichla jupiaensis Britski & Luengo, 1968 (valid)
• Crenicichla haroldoi Luengo & Britski, 1974 (valid)
• Crenicichla britskii Kullander, 1982 (valid)
• Crenicichla compressiceps Ploeg, 1986 (valid)
• Crenicichla cyclostoma Ploeg, 1986 (valid)
• Crenicichla jegui Ploeg, 1986 (valid)
• Crenicichla sedentaria Kullander, 1986 (valid)
• Crenicichla astroblepa Ploeg, 1986 (synonym)
• Crenicichla celidochilus Casciotta, 1987 (valid)
• Crenicichla coppenamensis Ploeg, 1987 (valid)
• Crenicichla nickeriensis Ploeg, 1987 (valid)
• Crenicichla sipaliwini Ploeg, 1987 (valid)
• Crenicichla regani Ploeg, 1989 (valid)
• Crenicichla heckeli Ploeg, 1989 (valid)
• Crenicichla hemera Kullander, 1990 (valid)
• Crenicichla urosema Kullander, 1990 (valid)
• Crenicichla percna Kullander, 1991 (valid)
• Crenicichla hummelincki Ploeg, 1991 (valid)
• Crenicichla inpa Ploeg, 1991 (valid)
• Crenicichla isbrueckeri Ploeg, 1991 (valid)
• Crenicichla menezesi Ploeg, 1991 (synonym)
• Crenicichla pellegrini Ploeg, 1991 (valid)
• Crenicichla phaiospilus Kullander, 1991 (valid)
• Crenicichla pydanielae Ploeg, 1991 (valid)
• Crenicichla santosi Ploeg, 1991 (valid)
• Crenicichla stocki Ploeg, 1991 (valid)
• Crenicichla sveni Ploeg, 1991 (valid)
• Crenicichla tigrina Ploeg, Jegu & Ferreira, 1991 (valid)
• Crenicichla virgatula Ploeg, 1991 (valid)
• Crenicichla guentheri Ploeg, 1991 (synonym)
• Crenicichla cardiostigma Ploeg, 1991 (synonym)
• Crenicichla clancularia Ploeg, 1991 (synonym)
• Crenicichla edithae Ploeg, 1991 (synonym)
• Crenicichla nijsseni Ploeg, 1991 (synonym)
• Crenicichla missioneira Lucena & Kullander, 1992 (valid)
• Crenicichla gaucho Lucena & Kullander, 1992 (valid)
• Crenicichla igara Lucena & Kullander, 1992 (valid)
• Crenicichla jurubi Lucena & Kullander, 1992 (valid)
• Crenicichla minuano Lucena & Kullander, 1992 (valid)
• Crenicichla prenda Lucena & Kullander, 1992 (valid)
• Crenicichla tendybaguassu Lucena & Kullander, 1992 (valid)
• Crenicichla rosemariae Kullander, 1997 (valid)
• Crenicichla tingui Kullander & Lucena, 2006 (valid)
• Crenicichla iguapina Kullander & Lucena, 2006 (valid)
• Crenicichla maculata Kullander & Lucena, 2006 (valid)
• Crenicichla yaha Casciotta, Almirón & Gómez, 2006 (valid)
• Crenicichla hadrostigma Lucena, 2007 (valid)
• Crenicichla empheres Lucena, 2007 (valid)
• Crenicichla zebrina Montaña, López-Hernández & Taphorn, 2008 (valid)
• Crenicichla tesay Casciotta & Almirón, 2009 (valid)
• Crenicichla mandelburgeri Kullander, 2009 (valid)
• Crenicichla hu Pialek, Říčan, Casiotta & Almiron, 2010 (valid)
• Crenicichla ypo Casciotta, Almirón, Piálek, Gómez & Rícan, 2010 (valid)
• Crenicichla chicha Varella, Kullander & Lima, 2012 (valid)
• Crenicichla gillmorlisi Kullander & Lucena, 2013 (valid)
• Crenicichla taikyra Casciotta, Almirón, Aichino, Gómez, Piálek & Rícan, 2013 (valid)
• Crenicichla lucenai Mattos, Schindler, Ottoni & Cheffe, 2014 (valid)
• Crenicichla anamiri Ito & Py-Daniel, 2015 (valid)
• Crenicichla tuca Piálek, Dragová, Casciotta, Almirón & O. Říčan, 2015 (valid)
• Crenicichla monicae Kullander & Varella, 2015 (valid)
• Crenicichla tapii Piálek, Dragová, Casciotta, Almirón & Říčan, 2015 (valid)
• Crenicichla dandara Varella & Ito, 2018 (valid)
• Crenicichla ploegi Varella, Loeb, Lima & Kullander, 2018 (valid)
• Crenicichla yjhui Piálek, Casciotta, Almirón & Říčan, 2018 (valid)

Potentially undescribed species (16):

• sp. 'strigata orinoco' (undescribed)
• sp. 'xingu i' (undescribed)
• sp. 'xingu ii' (undescribed)
• sp. 'british guyana ii' (undescribed)
• sp. 'belly crawler' (undescribed)
• sp. 'inirida iii' (undescribed)
• sp. 'british guyana i' (undescribed)
• sp. 'false anthurus' (undescribed)
• sp. 'sao francisco' (undescribed)
• sp. 'atabapo' (undescribed)
• sp. 'tapajos red' (undescribed)
• sp. 'acutirostris madeira' (undescribed)
• sp. 'tapajos shoulder spot' (undescribed)
• sp. 'orinoco dwarf' (undescribed)
• sp. 'jegui' (undescribed)
• sp. 'lugubris atabapo' (undescribed)

Species groups:

• Acutirostris (Kutty, 2006)
sp. 'tapajos red', sp. 'acutirostris madeira', acutirostris, multispinosa, ternetzi, percna, phaiospilus, tigrina, zebrina,
• Lacustris (Ploeg, 1991)
brasiliensis, vittata, lacustris, punctata, niederleinii, iguassuensis, jaguarensis, mucuryna, jupiaensis, haroldoi, celidochilus, tingui, iguapina, maculata, dandara,
• Lugubris (Ploeg, 1991)
sp. 'strigata orinoco', sp. 'xingu i', sp. 'xingu ii', sp. 'atabapo', lugubris, adspersa, johanna, lenticulata, strigata, marmorata, cincta, rosemariae,
• Macrophthalma (Kutty, 2006)
macrophthalma,
• Missioneira (Kutty, 2006)
sp. 'jegui', missioneira, igara, jurubi, minuano, tendybaguassu, hadrostigma, empheres,
• Reticulata (Ploeg, 1991)
sp. 'belly crawler', sp. 'tapajos shoulder spot', semifasciata, reticulata, cyanonotus, geayi, cametana, cyclostoma, jegui, sedentaria, stocki,
• Saxatilis (Ploeg, 1991)
sp. 'british guyana ii', sp. 'inirida iii', sp. 'british guyana i', sp. 'false anthurus', sp. 'sao francisco', saxatilis, lepidota, frenata, lucius, proteus, anthurus, semicincta, vaillanti, albopunctata, alta, labrina, britskii, coppenamensis, nickeriensis, sipaliwini, hemera, hummelincki, inpa, isbrueckeri, menezesi, pellegrini, pydanielae, santosi, sveni, cardiostigma, ploegi,
• Scotti (Kutty, 2006)
scottii, gaucho, prenda,
• Wallaci (Ploeg, 1991)
sp. 'orinoco dwarf', wallacii, notophthalmus, compressiceps, regani, heckeli, urosema, virgatula, anamiri,