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09-lis-2009
Gymnogeophagus pseudolabiatus Malabarba, Malabarba & Reis, 2015
23-gru-2015 — Five new Gymnogeophagus described
By Juan Miguel Artigas Azas
Five new species of Gymnogeophagus from Brazil and Uruguay that inhabit the Rio Uruguay and the Rio Negro in the La Plata basin of South America have been described in the Brazilian journal Neotropical Ichthyology by the Brazilian ichthyologists Luis Malabarba, Maria Claudia Malabarba and Roberto Reiss. All the new species are close relatives of Gymnogeophagus gymnogenys and have allopatric (geographically separated) distributions. The new species are:
Gymnogeophagus pseudolabiatus from the Rio Quaraí and its tributaries in the middle Rio Uruguay drainage. The name is given in reference to the well-developed lips similar to those in G. labiatus. It is distinguished among other traits by its presence, with the lower lip with a deep middle notch.
Gymnogeophagus mekinos from the Rio Negro and the coastal rivers of Uruguay and southern Brazil. The name is given in reference to the comparatively elongated body of this species. It is distinguished from all other Gymnogeophagus species by the possession of a conspicuous and oblique dark band from the eye to the anterior border of the head in adult males.
Gymnogeophagus constellatus from the Rio Ijuí and its tributaries in the middle Rio Uruguay basin. The name is given in reference to arrangement of white bright spots in the upper middle area of the flanks. It is distinguished from other Gymnogeophagus species by the possession of a very large mid-lateral spot, where each scale forming the spot usually bears one large white dot.
Gymnogeophagus missioneiro from the Rio Piratini and its tributaries in middle Rio Uruguay basin. The name is given in reference to the area were the Jesuit Missions of the Eighteenth century in southern Brazil and Argentina were distributed, similar to the distribution of this species. It differs from the rest of the species of the genus by a combination of characters, including the absence of an oblique dark band from the eye to the origin of the dorsal fin, the absence of an oblique dark band from the eye to the anterior border of the head in mature males, the unpaired fins colored red and the soft dorsal fin rarely scaled.
Gymnogeophagus lipokareno from the upper portion of the Rio Uruguay drainage. The name is given in reference to the extremely large adipose hump of adult males. It is mainly distinguished from all other Gymnogeophagus by the bright yellow color pattern of the unpaired fins covered with white dots aligned between rays.
With these descriptions, the genus Gymnogeophagus adds to 16 generally accepted described species.
Malabarba, Luis R & M.C. Malabarba, R.E. Reis. 2015. "Descriptions of five new species of the Neotropical cichlid genus Gymnogeophagus Miranda Ribeiro, 1918 (Teleostei: Cichliformes) from the rio Uruguay drainage". Neotropical Ichthyology. 13(4):637-662. DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20140188 (crc07024) (streszczenie)